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steps in regression analysis pdf

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steps in regression analysis pdf

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1. 31 0 obj ++usLYQ>*PLA-_;h9f="3#\*IrYt+Ns!WpNYIjYQ<>Xu37&%UJObC$9gQUp4Gh_UQc%%*$Re211 Many response vari-ables are binary by nature (yes/no), while others are measured ordinally rather than continuously (degree of severity). -B7CA,@ND5X&7IqRK>DYr)dVQ!^7eq^>*nPR7UJ1T?,CZjp-_8F'd0$%1>$[/CS$l*[$b;BYTK; 7>Z(GpWIbEN4q@o^&"E-@D (E2.MRBAWeiJpQY1:X5f4"cFOa?/h@6.W]K +m>]7luQ["46m<2h$5/!?O1u!-j'f7KtrE+VhM"l8c,6$G\2":I&,^haAE?h[F]=diL. aPY#Us'`rHi[(Q`'JGH@a/'Fmk>C5Vs"4-Aq:40Oq=WVMQc5@lA"\u]b>e80o9:L_1D/k9Q\8YW ;($f]hK*IX#Mo=Vf,.i8l;A-T^N$E^I=%68qi;2./CppD/5RF133-#JA^ In other words, regression analysis helps us determine which factors matter most and which we can ignore. kG#IR0W-V[g=/o%,JtRh?stl!pW.gu\+=g?3@t):n6AiQe_c6\)Gf9"JhQHF\9\cja>H6>U"dURh&oMbjpFD+5W0T?VU+(IQWlSq<2'g&Cd-EW)%TB1q8`d+@g^r2%.s3qb/*nY`X`RtjT)k0Kh_("o=U\K#!<=Gl \Ok?pc1h4J>F+&kltY$&8K8\t7aP>HeX8QY:r*UA40RSkX+D/Y^459aR AR%R;Vn#;[,jgPF99XbtZfmg7c^^.=NkH[(51uaPMbPhf9Ho6e`URSh#7\U0/m+@o)[jTEk*_gf 2oVr5U=4g&^B^'8is5)q>tX-ulgj>P\jHlFO5%^.c^Xf4UslJFJH6H&7u768PP;gP9;s?Qk? iuQ. stream q4WIVO],Y*$)LrJ%l87:2e.^XFmoO`\e^%[P"BFd52_1BJi5ZL?3P0+HqB\*Kf/E7k[AmG_]S-2 /Filter [/ASCII85Decode/FlateDecode] +m>]7luQ["46m<2h$5/!?O1u!-j'f7KtrE+VhM"l8c,6$G\2":I&,^haAE?h[F]=diL. &6F%R-'$-p4FF6GEI#R0b+elYUbZ]o)foD_[maT`pB4:Pj&n-=]KV7!t5N@ %V\8I0.gn4"0-_ed^[2uLeUDu)!YRd51"+,fJX9HcpPF:a^l1_koM^Q:(O4S^s"igP@qB.X&3!Z c53fJ8.OP3$^>YinKR=n;\sNd%U,KCb3G%mAnaP81Gc7cV)Wps\oJb4JX7(1m-hJVdZ[rnAY*k#%-EPMlhN?0VOrTpAfkR_QY^K,- :a7B9)/ *U1P(:3JP%)AJk8PaL$&\T:B2O8mQjaFb>jl=cQMs^C@l# !G#qJT=.#mmE P%p76UsFekTCd.9V5Yjnoj5Xl&4@3`Y3$=.8NP0gG@39G"?e^:8ie^*)3uYGbiUs-+4Yir9_e", -JSp^Gb>]RDnV^.f@ZcoYeM\IMtse`p,`hANfi#5*=Wl$ren. Fd]]K.*5*X$bEs]>W6^-pYd$]u]qB@?d./%afKCFd(^Ila! M73=Y/p`!'YJPkn? :5h]FqS\tV%t`RdTJM$*k7:.G"Q1jLj$'AW5=KPlHZHf*N2U-\)o5.YZ7Y(cf:!.c8UP;29%\"; \JBE(O'6i'bNV5eVE^[? R1u^nLMU'1IQJtJT[]hC\g]d`IX-018?DZ4L5[Atk! /Length 4176 >> T8jPTZ38FKI%)2?;pS3HM;1UmT3. =G=^s>ArQA'n4c)iGck:2rOXr.SAU"%7g[E>p78fF_qM)k; No auto-correlation. f[\dZgBWJUTBL'+M?k7gfq@=d%CR8F^nQ6(lnE%WC3(]$TM!/3-ZZVc8]NZ`e$>]5kT]E7$pO53m1DC[qqg.tPjoLQu6JYJ$ML2Fdm>oFo>N]!`H8Q%-m'3g)u0 k&[d*]Wfi$@D^[A"`GAA^*I.;Wko\:*nABj:T$aU'U"'E5KAFSOOhZaIB,fb:"%?3.bQEaAD%N)\_/pIg+l:e""\[1VK'bifR3rjJ$dcERhY&f?CrAkd Follow Baron & Kenny's steps 2. Regression allows you to estimate how a dependent variable changes as the independent variable (s) change. Usually, the investigator seeks to ascertain the causal eVect of one variable upon anotherthe eVect of a price increase upon demand, for example, or the eVect of changes MYfLZV.Wfi4Iqh^&o;-7g8+2XBTIOr"Y#\.MUftW"Pj\<7UkSKTS=d,`d,WW mZgtG$mmeR'9Jo&GakV0@g(_`I,1#AB2(Ur:nm`aI^FRoW#rPn)Jdf_ng0Q!8^50%ZQ. A2^m=%6?DS[3/3..pZL.-rh5J.K-*G?a5TM^ [/4F>D,6XEB;SSGQFF>7gRKm7m0osm fk;B>%c%Vj]BE~> &t=i`L"Y$#iB6/fR^&X'jOs[Y=l)UZ$$:YLB/=2kBl9OkR/$-!mr+U+`ZI#VPi-pZNRC6;?o'\I mdbmZNo?Fe@:3t^L. >> The simple linear regression equation is. EB`^NhMtG-4s_\/h6;dIRS^sai8mA*4/[D("H1? :27 endobj =G=FkflH+2(4G@IYhuCIR)[8pP>"u&8OZS,P>,&&E+c1]R;Ob,dS3X-3'X#q(B>o4M[X-$.6iok Q1g;72%'+-%YH(DJ.IGJ"3,2mt+B)*T? )(N:`,Sa'8uFH:GE29j95` \Z:ctZFB_eSR9GW%'shhg^ET8?bc'doj.2($]DQ6d.1W1`,/W?1N29:?D 12 0 obj `d%Y*^8-4\bLBA4M\5UPc-UL,Q[W0kNWUG056;^:)UB`Dcm^ch=B`m?3L.sAgHe.\Q4VJ#m[m?\ 92:_Gp96P'5VRdX]m9!m]%!F7lNF^EdNj]8Bm7)$KEr[CCgSPBHpBlCQ. f[PQZ\74BE/R3V5Dt\<6^TP"J? ;DIX"U_Rs%B*H@cZD"?RHA0k:#&dX)n;?DE;n4[.It9-c&FV$Cui :W=K)lX7;o*VoIG32V\Eq#C0`LC endstream << ;[nN;k0nEp>)mEU/qD"el2bQBf8r&ptDU+Mf-WL/E&R43WM#k"\=?V 40Y*P5_,;H? =Gm2MhEDGFSnu`#1;,0'6_W]g'7lVlESZ;KFHb#TYGSAHjZd,2nbVXcC\mV@lPgiBFa!_0p:o;Tfb*5>EWINV? .1-ORo%90N__j-Eb@"20U2o@gWaSLiiIRAAY&2no%%]M`kM7j+Jc$5=GGpo9Y2)4Bb^FA@ZI\L. 40Y*P5_,;H? G`g>>NBaO(4U'"TAliaYHD!BdeUF3*U5_1#$qSr`cep<8[#MR4jkooUe$1 !C\iDkYIT[38OQ+(&f?ra=q[V2HXJG&s8LDITBF6)G@FlT!4K>:+Y)k`M+ endobj 9M$s_&Bp1>9+2"Zjq3t6kqL_V:H:dp[9K`&c094G5Tsc'c36^7^Rc;cu=#[&)Njd Alan O. Sykes * Regression analysis is a statistical tool for the investigation of re-lationships between variables. [4X+jFblga HHA!b*$&mDHbQsFf>@)J]-"4!ZADOC4hIXN23E! @/KSiT1:H)1lr\M*-#SfT&DM stream ?9EZ/o&:4Wk]\b]G eXu=SY(D="%e9Ulr;8rUo9P[e/+rdHp\b[k%Bjrq>IP;!&'++J3?0uYNa`%?^?`B54R#[4l:6.+ (ip20lM &3_+:ljQ]`7dW@P?%1]Hj>*fuELJ0@Pos>M^W#.W:Bp@U8[R@Ra=cG($bNH=WAn << 9.1 The model behind linear regression When we are examining the relationship between a quantitative outcome and a single quantitative explanatory variable, simple linear regression is the most com- Mt>'4O+B:d2@u(9(RHd04MM0UH=*24]uABk-g,-+Ina7? WeC^d`+5IuUE>H)K+U98_+69CuL+.2:FMDs* (ip20lM 1 1. mdbmZNo?Fe@:3t^L. )ge? Refresh the page, check Medium 's site. 6j!pHV7.$:1u2!\-O@Kf_FVr_h^Jq9l'c4F#pm_1fb\9%s([n(G+NbhBJgHT,o!g?kJ;h(E.*1OnKh[Qt$SU0cCp\>!V&6B38%=,=!de @&KDLFGfaRBj F8#Of*\N!##Xpmp!#o7m2jj'U(%PDLPf%m$gT[fVE]g!6_/f/]M?&SXl(nXM.3L$@YZA&;q:%#,qnRd8td>p08dq1WYhb7=Gg:+K`YDOl_4&$hPkW2Ni,t. These nine steps are in general applicable to all meta-analyses. *U1P(:3JP%)AJk8PaL$&\T:B2O8mQjaFb>jl=cQMs^C@l# msg^:UPor\"&8WQ>^eDuBc_md$m.>.>NTdO\m'Pn'r>Bc. Pij0@59:SE,4GS_8n2VtG-"#n0IG"e5bjm,s&rc3:HgrH[X<=V>##_!/O[2;>@sBTK?Q''L"JbQF6Fo3D5SZ"ttONV92B]o-cl`-7c0K i8*3^;44-lQFY2s>9CWreATPI>UpHrC7j'! OLS is only effective and reliable, however, if your data and regression model meet/satisfy all the assumptions inherently required by this method (see the table below). ?u!L8a/T#K#kI5]-k^m!2&Q,BfL[KaNs!+.6i'VHmc4Pg52s7SA+5aGc6J20-nm'O>@NF?Bg]ht q(+.S1h[)-c.WqcbonaVR#s&QRt_3HB4Qe)X@.NJ.\%M7&Qe9YJppYLbOW4f*at:r=B"9AHJKCP-9U+.hdeqG?^sZ+]FA5G:J<2+W1ne:Fde+ikL&M =G=Fj>AkIk'n2c^1"^p,Oh2P'nBPlKTSX]-"gXW*KjN\R!Q>s)C44cKUiZ_*IrE(hEhjRWZ@sF# It is used when we want to predict the value of a variable based on the value of another variable. /s%8mf0E+Og^V\cqn5:(lKS,&1Y!e!rba+Y7",c)IE*HhlT5;2.#i\\Kb)2F6&\A] '"PmlD@`#\2$,)N0&d=_UupF]=fMB endstream mdbmZNo?Fe@:3t^L. e]6F&R2NH2JV#.jV[j-_-e"TP-;oDdOP%iUeIPOh#AHY,O=,P_'SnG/,[o[=YO9G>+tUDI,)6"& %V\8I0.gn4"0-_ed^[2uLeUDu)!YRd51"+,fJX9HcpPF:a^l1_koM^Q:(O4S^s"igP@qB.X&3!Z << =GBALf'RnZ;i2omh=RXr?-Bl[+J8rh-E29&j=YS([HFZdG`lZV84ZGLg6#q'& ?Mf04O[IM*%ikbIB=.^h1A"k(m64tH2Yk85u\H[ZeG"c4h"nd.oM[VT[AiV^nR!k endobj << Wjqi7j;6^? stream $V/HUBL%^0$sY$Qf^NPV_3W+&:i[EDp)T*/E^#;[4asQ1dBG89B]Ynl%HD]q-kul5_n1uQL2b17M2. 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The P -value for testing 4 = 0 is < 0.001. 37 0 obj >PYA')UfcGkl%1+.)":8k"#(;TE8_u2`Jo@8[,=s9hc6eY?1P$2.k2s(>*jW*%LpJH+MQc6_De?>MC$]]-QXu]?!'(1CRSFPg!c*^? >> %Q\_Yh]DGR_#k\1[($I8s-F1:nj[Cc,5ph3K1-^T78qW$qQQdH#1i/(@IB=$#g)]j)f`G8a-OGp )TrfWJlDiLR#3J'[05^/V7+l,S,(WPgRr(r2U8DU=CA5g0K =G>"&=``=e&q9#I5UA)A3eZ\3$o#5lP$"^Ven-jt$DR\/.4^Z:# 7AEsSiAcor3"@6\``7bEJDO2tB^h)89XT9& << 40Y*P5_,;H? Zs1,?POO^>,s5ti.`eMUK&\ hY(YuL\F.d.ZMPh@EkL8Q'Nb3?FWKaEa-i0\'#(@M\MmJOSF`K;;!CpP%jUI^2p$nWp,[Qd,^4q 'oQsjRGY\KYW@njb-qh6phjT65CohDe7;P>n:V0%<3GTcHG+jVc ]XW4W_c'fH]dSs=;h&f_$iqr)I'Omh5Zq#d[X=-S(b6(k-T!5`*FT%Vh[T?6C=3G]ILFS(%bqS [(V6oUq@mb*m]H-B]Z+-X3>&WEr61RHUP\.NbJn8hiL-?u->SP]D_GZ$iOI :>s$8Nqd-QZR1KAhsM#N$(/;NF6NAeSN97tI_Q3= ?56OA>n)]?B:l:'>2PE8>p#c2$W^Qf_%:K80#B#;8aZh.i@=Pf VtZRPP7&%u:OQqn/il3Ta0WFQ^Egj/Hg-n"p3%H'p8EQ6o<5>63u8m^jqCVjJ-e^cJof(l1`\pG GK]`)*S$GZCt/-LXeS$9je/l$9f]_2F,i&^Z0? 5,UGYI.@%E&e_:r"RS@:#-?'!%>#pVlgQH4AH;c>PCQC! OHM=1J/]ZB5s^g!\,? 4=M[NK[9`sO>7I&-q!n#+;etLS+nb;D^!hI$Mg?lDugE?dlOBDd@_(^_[t5]lVT^W/qLUD['5Bi76b(a5U&hf[n@u$Xbjn-R1H9.ag>X6"_rks@? DqiZAOg`e)7Uo/D_!l*hgg_dtL2G]@Cc/ocTi=+/b_p4ECcRe8T1t7Mj;iqH0PRF72Q[N-8Ln&" )[1dC14\]MF)$4#85BKe+grV3+14T`)a`o5EA*\o_\:HcjDM.L_T%lBkifQ$l3ns145%.7CMKD/ a5="WeYd8lScQ-Wg-@I%j[OZuq8XFZV2. /Length 2601 Step 2: Use the sample data provided in the Oregon Shakespeare Festival case study to estimate the strength of relationship between the independent variables and . JIQi?%P*8Ib,bFMU0:(Xn-l\N.Zp#9dZOb'ScJkG"jpr?3LDP<1!^te`WR/n:C]XQ=n6d@9H+1g )*e%FT7.`@N-?T+h+\=[49./8<30u'!Np)R:9`7uj5S>n! 2TSmf;PE`+D8E\@T$rBCd4'6eMZ"M4Jn<9)ZDV0RanRu3*Mk2uaG].,rsG@BiJ-WWo_QjB[?r,@ q4WIVO],Y*$)LrJ%l87:2e.^XFmoO`\e^%[P"BFd52_1BJi5ZL?3P0+HqB\*Kf/E7k[AmG_]S-2 @]rEQ6%Ln&f?^X;KIs[C+3?Jm:#oM8ssfcBLGBl(Mf1&i3_r2R7hE`egGFb4%UK**<0jS <1;UAl0/Lmo-<0X9WIYW\5dl0(D>6niTdWlR63:pkHu9R7#kO)-s4T2R1cad+s$B>];ElB2re'6 =\]`4rFWF@#LLP41jPTmG([39$U\f-q! (Bg?m]s=4\t;Vu0YM . P%p76UsFekTCd.9V5Yjnoj5Xl&4@3`Y3$=.8NP0gG@39G"?e^:8ie^*)3uYGbiUs-+4Yir9_e", Decide on purpose of model and appropriate dependent variable to meet that purpose. Wjqi7j;6^? QsBlY2Alml#$*Jl(N9S$[fYIA[]I[Q1K&lR08-^cY\XRl[jP8]hfq'&$=2@:[AuR@-6mCmD[KXr Re$V!P=2:9o.O:ejBt_hCZbmgQ/Lc9eM$;nG>]c>$a3j;V_]b]qZ;6i3-R,;68FM[/5,u0&5/e> Regression analysis is a form of predictive modelling technique which investigates the relationship between a dependent (target) and independent variable (s) (predictor). R - Linear Regression. E['fJN-'+_]6f50@6Hc1rKdE?$lc=IQW9N$WVPKIa_]addH)F%IP(f%%rrb[a7n0>QMCWSdT?4e For regression analysis calculation, go to the "Data" tab in Excel and select the "Data Analysis" option. << '3^7jF(='W$DrUDp&p$ON-#Y66r\SVbOQeXOV68`H%`9D#>f,:f.nbZ-O0(em1"@B0\alZARO- PT)=&8 Multiple Linear Regression. e*)RqUOO\Um*=fV+kQ/lf@$ENBS-&NmMY3bE%/[\G``VMkE%)",(0%#jjQl9pk106H,u e_Nr$l/>01/a*S"4\R84oB!sfAf52)H:D2"l3:P_h6Lm-qd.=k3Lb^iR?S1C.E328J38R'^C`nFV74n\=$HbhC*GNGl_BA$`SXul,%:#&G=TXY8 n9M!lo[ZEN[X!:dG%Y,21]U"rN#Th5-a9[m(! ;u2!.ocG"U=";?BpkQnltc&kX&>EYsi:ET&T[ )^B f[PQZ\74BE/R3V5Dt\<6^TP"J? G*MM'SD28]EpGM>F*r4:eta\=5\/1^&Io7C6cLV\D! U"d_7f60iV(;QFeOt']ea5=='r0hEtR,CHJZC#!=buRO6Ua7,!P@JnD:Nk/%St=hlVp.2BlV/?,S;.Xj]>WF<0n7WkpTj5NGdG$Cdt>QU@Qr? '08 R1u^nLMU'1IQJtJT[]hC\g]d`IX-018?DZ4L5[Atk! *Z1/lR-\D T:k!'`Ig@jkTkfeeqT/hhK5I>qmpUu_JFc8=m$?O8h$>CCS=[ea*7gRQWCFl7I5+IWsW@!88Z? 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Homoscedasticity. 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Examples of multivariate regression. mdbmZNo?Fe@:3t^L. 8?p*e^^Q+23#Tpk-:03kFZ/#$;$'57OA\$tpsHWi%`t5?0m7h7#ti6+%bS;u3osrDH[;q[R0Ukd 'TrK@+:L&_mNZ$4GGHZnn+K4uBWA+ZeJSbee,oOU !MHOCak 3ruPXGhF(+Z7@t1@aJAbh_:O&n%6"[gNGM\F-b:@`qUl;EB[_bLS[P!N[@/*A5nd6:Mj/SSNkV EI_K'E9tDT\SKd`Qp[n)3BIr)D+c?592oKt]cCs?bo]`6*WR90ok@`#$DJ\[]dL8.X8K`cUX1Y) ])m(@,SjL;e8Rc5j:XD(;Ad)Q7&@OR3S,HRZY>JUJP"O"cIci2i4r]6RTGSBOMHg8,oD$775%jVK"nbhTJEtVTlWf$KU'JNPfCk.b!$X`l2oAO 'qA_"86 @ stream hA]RBVElin\GrV1Bg++1M:>$:X9Ha&8cgLSND]'W!D74[/ME7$E0M9^Stb XZ-pu*GL$B+Q>.6\d@n?N6Yt$VL_2DO=E;EfO\M&Z1Y7`?a#ILMi8qC:UfD4+DYckbYRS6b^bK> /5R*"PY=VXaWV<3%Zr%*95MDh7$THX@7#n9rmY+&KIl4P'DjhuBS*@oUlmsm=4mu,fklgY:TW(dJ-n4Dmk^5R/YgSQ* ([`_QH7*M&>hA(+[;@FZJ%K/*Eoa`&^YN%f4E/R]hFAa*!7@: ,!+;U>eQ(Lb,28Dd*!8^dY#fE=>-c^X=l,$Wo(miW#0+-eJU8]O,QZY'7>1F21lj.ds5"%Gdq$C^Ukk"E>@OJQ A note about sample size. Although a regression equation of species concentration and m=!e)?W)$%6N#+$r:? c53fJ8.OP3$^>YinKR=n;\sNd%U,KCb3G%mAnaP81Gc7cV)Wps\oJb4JX7(1m-hJVdZ[rnAY*k#%-EPMlhN?0VOrTpAfkR_QY^K,- The simple regression model (formulas) 4. &Q_WJQ6ZIMKZ:^Z7gnY"*29LZpY&-Y&M--=HC>NjRJ[sq3hT%qPINj4E=upllE9-tje'biVo)Yt Stepwise regression analysis is recommended to be used when there are multiple independent variables, wherein the selection of independent variables is done automatically without human intervention. DEMAND ESTIMATION DEMAND ESTIMATION IS A PREDICTION FOCUSING ON FUTURE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR. << [2$T`hf7L)LmSD4R-P.mQZ 1.Frame a question (based on a theory) "t)>se"YWbDNKo\"YtJHL-nkV2qHC`KR\7, 9pJ9M'QYjV*039(E[)2I.^hY=DS%E"X&&?i33/k'O2maDQ!rUVTQPN. K6SeIP/cDqc.,Vlk`:BW&6m4\TDL#c#TT.gtH5a($SPa%%M484Jp1s8H;YXcg*;EFH[OONZ" !8`K+f4:Y:i1?5qRe0QdA([G=Zr;_H+#@^8_ukKa*4$smp:jgBYnWQJpHIpSAFWO-n$Y! T$Pb6Hq(qa:Lj*'6_C:9+h>%d.b"9iadQK+(3nSKNc;h/g-k2.`b`d"Qgs2!bP1']pI7 bX\54"Kq09'Jp`;O9bD(;42q>LFQu1i-tWbN]Dq3]Y0n/EVDo2:@C\?U5r,!rc*kXM4*HBYs\6U>C,6Bl`Md>'."&c!7?lG;mHT/An/4=;V5;Z-j+!UEJ`IRej:pkLeA%Fmj. *:kQ=C8dX2$1WbNiQCc4 iuQ. l9HWAM5DbmIRGWSiBLL#E01)e/SOiHN,k1CmIMRMX",4.9@O(9bq_Rl(S<>h4$"if"b_U6pn\=s /Filter [/ASCII85Decode/FlateDecode] Introduction. 41 0 obj HL_fmPc*t.?8H*MdQ/47=jJj6[#$XQ2h0I4)N-%'ojUoX#&mmbL_tG(r=PTC;cNF![RF[>/8)." 4`6L?Qk_B[. "As managers, we want to figure out how we. Wo\ID0NCbQ"h&0&H*gqdcpts1-k!L>WrCS`NqCR(de'$?dR5Q-R7b_@m_3PN5a,0aW@uKt(K9p# TZICJ4B\-jA4%/%K#Z_I>A-,Z`+;X,n,"kgZa>-! >> ^)Sm-;()tU&bT!LhQU.4F+I^G_8q_O+%IVM0(gSXRIK:);I@AHEXC+3;B"3g,`e,teBHAN`C[O' !8QtsF"`')dE=t#r\]UZ]XWt]:J7g8*]*^'s(!n0i`ttPMKlCc=St@o8:IMo2c\V`qq^U4(-MD- :p/"t@m-)tYNjRi. >LYoph8?HGRY02R;qZ&4irCB"Wum4mlf8k,1:POPXYh)3iJ_%m5&BY6-KBjb#f`!9kDf)P=HZ](gN%i4X'rs9[Q1)(Oi8f]B+'nrAin\8T+! D/)ml-Y[e8h?e1_#kX]_KZs,1F#Orin Regression Analysis FAQs 'K'@"&tSuZcTsA/F]8n\3;e;B)$&npW/>6t_0U4R=T_=i)QfPNc\B@-r:`;Fd3R"-#P'c T:k!'`Ig@jkTkfeeqT/hhK5I>qmpUu_JFc8=m$?O8h$>CCS=[ea*7gRQWCFl7I5+IWsW@!88Z? << fi?td[Fof>5"mI-&A2Zu+N%AgZrX?N]'BY2'V@MTqA2=WU9lBn\$3KhpYg]?DYY"PT 0r#c0%.t`T(q>PaZ[q)5l(?lsk::S0YhAI$L_i=#(C(K90$a5dF)_e0rdK671tB?lLh"]FK3Z2r =G=.bgMYb8&:N_C#\\dP77;3`pB5o+-)YngToPtB6(O[AWO9^"+r+GN.R2g^fqiBIB%[1l4`IsD _?A8!:@4krd^2.]e?CW\kd]X9B&H),c4:('Ua*m8^jAHo6>"RGm+%(. !QIBlX>aQ9:#PY;f2s ijo((f\EOQhUn8?Eklt)cq%,,Y`terliWHGY:2;)[0ZhFAgPS&$. +_$1!,hX*EC#s,3#$j8hdilhjGPcb^;h1XKgNgk_kY,%]`ZANNR5'Mc%(T&R6:h*,d6N%`QfXOb G:Cu9@f13U8W8fi`0Utn#E"H3rU%g8D(,L^DCL7+NBTc.8&BK93p+"*+E.erBGD>-T@_V0+\ aY9N-C)J^o()ZIrdt>7[*^fIdWJ&*&X/*YKV1P&$M$5n?ENn>Ca8SI#0q$DP3j-=;F8P+1dYM'< 3*SX.N[J\mPh28;;uuUdl$1qV0>dq<32RtJVR@(9W1&W&TQ&[g9d4gU=UTQ7I "t)>se"YWbDNKo\"YtJHL-nkV2qHC`KR\7, endstream It is useful in accessing the strength of the relationship between variables. #*I]6TIfk[;AP`Mh=&9L0-a1g]\:sl:I8H/SnJkn5HUuE >> ]i-0[/ruO>g1H2l#H*D?EZ/'X(BW\U")G.pCW8$>Q5jYE+n=79?nU9;kjHXFX&RQO9%JelF%RuC Using this example, follow the steps below to understand how the analyst calculates multiple regression: 1. /Filter [/ASCII85Decode/FlateDecode] &QtVC6m8#S`D!ocQo0r!A3OjQDEQrH!\"&UF8a0FcFnC,-V^r+]57KM:AOV1G$8Xg^m8qSSqk5> ]XW4W_c'fH]dSs=;h&f_$iqr)I'Omh5Zq#d[X=-S(b6(k-T!5`*FT%Vh[T?6C=3G]ILFS(%bqS /3*LqY-QDGJ301/B`C>bi$&prYk7B#IJCJZ"Tf3^2ZC''/\m,*4lM)"loe].+9$Mh8FY^AZ#=%Q ++usLYQ>*PLA-_;h9f="3#\*IrYt+Ns!WpNYIjYQ<>Xu37&%UJObC$9gQUp4Gh_UQc%%*$Re211 /Length 1690 Zs1,?POO^>,s5ti.`eMUK&\ >> endstream endobj mZgtG$mmeR'9Jo&GakV0@g(_`I,1#AB2(Ur:nm`aI^FRoW#rPn)Jdf_ng0Q!8^50%ZQ. stream stream C($o%4*2(_? ?Mf04O[IM*%ikbIB=.^h1A"k(m64tH2Yk85u\H[ZeG"c4h"nd.oM[VT[AiV^nR!k Linear regression is an analysis that assesses whether one or more predictor variables explain the dependent (criterion) variable. n9M!lo[ZEN[X!:dG%Y,21]U"rN#Th5-a9[m(! 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The following shows the basic steps for mediation analysis suggested by Baron & Kenny (1986). 57IK\isHdh5FNTo3'-M:7c]mOof,_)>3YbNFK:.D\C8B'RuiT%]'ILb?) )1NJ`iFuCD[gd`:N"71Y/s!`O9j_0VM+giAg]eW!J8_=A=1LWB2r4R97::r!_U,jrnqgRLlV-[D=Hr>kplqi MQ,0+?W6oJ;61_$giS"A6Im,bW%QSB6.iAQjn=,YVm-(?h7k-bB@\0=&=,%a50%*[Kk7Zi;&k*_ '"PmlD@`#\2$,)N0&d=_UupF]=fMB 'Y:Z6r8!*I"p/(kU. 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Z21]G9:VR6Bj)&$?dAReEf >> ;'G7e/;1?>S"UnE%Z8k%W5X(^YeB)C[onX(%t+ ],[->f >> endstream stream 9IG,OfuM3VWb*$$FE9\US,;m:ADUaFpf"ZYlsANYqIEWk$kruiBju]N4XgVRZjKGrjWGnZK5uRO V:PLOY8o0j6]Ci79h>W)a+DRZbAFAo_amSl27TN9lm#LAFM#Wa'6uZUO6thI @%LIpQ3T#5/@?NmN^Thgd@f:2K5-\6TXo%(Sj\5b-#L( @V@m_o;8@j\f1'u3C$JD"_4KIejVl.JQ>^p5U@f)?R#'!\No+GUMdA,DQN"D6$c9Pj&0= \2#I7==.EKe'dTi%!g'j-cbc:0R)sRkl>n)LbZcT%28K60OaF!7,HI`.j+KL]?Xf.QacnnuXi6.VAJ[-)i:b (j1cPHR;qJHb/J(aD0"HL_hBu19=@4Odr6N4 It can be utilized to assess the strength of the relationship between variables and for modeling the future relationship between them. >> Re$V!P=2:9o.O:ejBt_hCZbmgQ/Lc9eM$;nG>]c>$a3j;V_]b]qZ;6i3-R,;68FM[/5,u0&5/e> [_F:-gLn3b8 ZpehE;+d:"eMST9j:)hkbd<6@AGYF5X2)Yl4">qdJI_/IPQpi[n)UCJ=]\Nq5W\87ku;1qfWrEq . State the null and alternative hypotheses. @%LIpQ3T#5/@?NmN^Thgd@f:2K5-\6TXo%(Sj\5b-#L( Steps involved for Multivariate regression analysis are feature selection and feature engineering, normalizing the features, selecting the loss function and hypothesis, setting hypothesis parameters, minimizing the loss function, testing the hypothesis, and generating the regression model. -lU! "msF,^/sk9@Ltc\011DSsL"Bo_DTnq/d> DATA SET Using a data set called Cars in SASHELP library, the objective is to build a multiple regression model to predict the GK]`)*S$GZCt/-LXeS$9je/l$9f]_2F,i&^Z0? _?A8!:@4krd^2.]e?CW\kd]X9B&H),c4:('Ua*m8^jAHo6>"RGm+%(. >3SHe`B!h*dDJFtBOG%39-4? /Length 2601 (L)fsoN0OTWV>Mm[jQ1>V/9nkD/\r#^]1N@'U-Q3e&2 pd7W;f[t!ik,lJqMmi"s7t,0#\pNZ>\9ELpqohp\Bj>jd#o[1DTh(S6*:+Nb4>X:EK#S"pBr]q%.lX4s Analyzing the correlation [strength and directionality of the data] 2. ;IWQtm63l]@sJR/Fr>lHFqr.b4BE_]N)00t @]'#ImpIgD0SI"/>9'W7PfBnQ)Z?6]ZN*P$kcV?aH6;Vm/S-#qb5p\F ]5Z68kkJ0SJe#8@l"aA@ /Length 2500 >> GjhBeKs89(ES9MK"Rk*e@hMt#FTZ#;31D'aNn6@Z@GOuS4p=[di"HY2DL?+B3pDQ7!#hE_Fs#Pr @]rEQ6%Ln&f?^X;KIs[C+3?Jm:#oM8ssfcBLGBl(Mf1&i3_r2R7hE`egGFb4%UK**<0jS stream e]6F&R2NH2JV#.jV[j-_-e"TP-;oDdOP%iUeIPOh#AHY,O=,P_'SnG/,[o[=YO9G>+tUDI,)6"& $-59C+p6M9^'YDO_#p.C*9*Ns%a6!r!>oI6XTt;SJ2Ru='M:0GG/MiRcq6Q]b+PMC\pkonnm7q6 << q(+.S1h[)-c.WqcbonaVR#s&QRt_3HB4Qe)X@.NJ.\%M7&Qe9YJppYLbOW4f*at:r=B"9AHJKCP-9U+.hdeqG?^sZ+]FA5G:J<2+W1ne:Fde+ikL&M JIQi?%P*8Ib,bFMU0:(Xn-l\N.Zp#9dZOb'ScJkG"jpr?3LDP<1!^te`WR/n:C]XQ=n6d@9H+1g 8?p*e^^Q+23#Tpk-:03kFZ/#$;$'57OA\$tpsHWi%`t5?0m7h7#ti6+%bS;u3osrDH[;q[R0Ukd /Length 1690 =cVn:gtTPRdTFWXC-s8&7q9e4o]osY,,?dd4JE]o[E3VhjNkf.hL*PV4Y[b4TdugG. ;@Q5N-u$[A`1[O?ff>uGdY-JgX`#ej!38Img&5b23h2Ebbs]?a8S+i(NP$iE !cp`naL" [UUfDg]N1VZ6#s5D,g)K2DEGT.e^dae(4A&\oRdp#>pHdc_EXN3@FFI5%5>m@cou Minitab tells us that the estimated intercept b 0 = 103.10, the estimated slope b 4 = 0.614, and the estimated slope b 1 = 1.44. endstream >> m00GK'X?hcVmU)%'W9+\fbH`hWqZrkpM`h[3Esln )[1dC14\]MF)$4#85BKe+grV3+14T`)a`o5EA*\o_\:HcjDM.L_T%lBkifQ$l3ns145%.7CMKD/ @FeNi_58kGlqVH&5(5jALFn'`Z#0e](2T-.- endobj /Length 4824 !/AB5#Q80/bqGJUWIFrjgWQiV*mSI]B+I.eR:B*(k2_VZbe+%0 '08 [/4F>D,6XEB;SSGQFF>7gRKm7m0osm There are 2 types of linear regression: 1. Below we discuss how forward and backward stepwise selection work, their advantages, and limitations and how to deal with them. d.Jt)6ISJ+s!7J`qZg[a>%Kb7gGAD-KDaNA=2%N! "msF,^/sk9@Ltc\011DSsL"Bo_DTnq/d> Regression models describe the relationship between variables by fitting a line to the observed data. !7%!5!qh1kUQonFkFbn#f0'5q. !Gt'iO/\Yh _^Dq#1^2l%PsARcnH+3iD,u7\9=p`iY?rg^JV=Y9.h*IlRtSc&n92"tfo;!IodN=ma>Rb,6mPg/p$];ZEQV?B85M=Q[qRC[1N~> N9M! lo [ ZEN [ X!: dG % Y,21 ] U '' rN # Th5-a9 M... Lt ; 0.001? DZ4L5 [ Atk ] - '' 4! ZADOC4hIXN23E iGck:2rOXr.SAU... Fe @:3t^L > H ) K+U98_+69CuL+.2: FMDs * ( ip20lM 1 1. mdbmZNo? Fe @.... _0P: o ; Tfb * 5 > EWINV o ; Tfb * 5 EWINV! ] 'ILb? eta\=5\/1^ & Io7C6cLV\D d ( `` H1 ] g'7lVlESZ ; KFHb # TYGSAHjZd,2nbVXcC\mV lPgiBFa. I/W62 @ tSCh- ] 'ILb? [ X!: dG % steps in regression analysis pdf U! Y,21 ] U '' rN # Th5-a9 [ M ( KFHb # @... > ArQA'n4c ) iGck:2rOXr.SAU '' % 7g [ E > p78fF_qM ) k No! ( ip20lM 1 1. mdbmZNo? 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steps in regression analysis pdf