You will be applying Beer's law to calculate the concentration. solution of nitric acid in order to What volume of water would be added to 16.5 mL of a 0.0813 M solution of sodium borate in order See all questions in Dilution Calculations. Mass percent is one way of representing the concentration of, In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is. Calculate the average absorbance values for each set of duplicate standards and duplicate samples. 4. Each point on the graph represents the mean of the three parallel titrations. Draw a best fit curve through the points in the graph (we suggest that a suitable computer program be used for this). Thus the concentration of Red #40 in that solution is 6.56 M. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. For each solution, you measure the absorbance at the wavelength of strongest absorption - using the same container for each one. Samples that have an absorbance value falling out of the range of the standard curve. In carefully chosen simple cases (which is all you will get at this level), if you compared the peaks on a given UV-visible absorption spectrum with a list of known peaks, it would be fairly easy to pick out some structural features of an unknown molecule. The equation is sometimes written in terms of that absorbance. According to the Beer-Lambert Law, absorbance is proportional to concentration, and so you would expect a straight line. While viewing the graph next to the What are common characteristics of a primary standard such as the one shown above? The attenuation of radiation through the Earths atmosphere is similarly described by the law. As the concentration rises, more radiation should be absorbed, increasing the absorbance. Therefore, the concentration is 0.21M. \textrm{m} & 5170.55 \\ Chem 125 Experiment II from www.umich.edu. \hline We recommend producing the standard curve using standard diluted in the sample matrix. For the best experience on the Abcam website please upgrade to a modern browser such as Google Chrome. Because you see, when you add all these things together the volume is bigger thus changing the concentration of the substances you added previously. To do this, multiply the number by 106. These quantities can be related by the following equation. 1 The thing you did wrong is to assume that the concentration of the substance you have at the beginning is the same in the 'endmix'. In the fields of chemistry, physics, and meteorology, Beers Law is very essential. Analytes themselves cannot be measured directly; however, specific properties of the analyte can. 2,2'-Bipyridyl (bipy), gfw = 156.20, forms an intensely red complex with iron (II) which may be exploited to determine iron concentrations in the ppm range. Always run ELISA samples in duplicate or triplicate. While the rule is most commonly associated with light, it also aids scientists in understanding the attenuation of particle beams such as neutrons. Unknown \# 2. To use Excel for generating such an equation, enter the concentration values for the standards in Column A and their corresponding absorbance data in Column B. For each individual value, plot the concentration on the X-axis and absorbance on the Y-axis. She currently teaches classes in biochemistry, biology, biophysics, astrobiology, as well as high school AP Biology and Chemistry test prep. Beers Law allows you to determine an unknown phosphate concentration after determining the absorbance because concentration and absorbance are proportionate. Draw a line between each of the points. The experiment involves reaction rates of varying protein concentrations. Concentration of target protein in the sample a demonstration. In Part 2, a small amount of Cola was heated in a beaker covered with a watch glass to reduce evaporation. 2) Accurately measure the colour of multiple concentrations of your sample. This is usually done using curve-plotting software. Accurately knowing the amount, in terms of concentration, of a particular substance (analyte) is important in fundamental research and also in many applied fields of study such as medicine, environmental studies, and the food industry. ; A sample with a molar absorptivity = 1.4 L mol . As a result, the length of the path is proportional to the concentration. learntocalculate.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. But if it turns out to be a curve, so be it!). This module discusses the three most common types of concentration calibration procedures. A primary standard analyte solution is a solution that contains a known amount of the analyte called the standard. In chemistry, Beers Law is used to determine the concentration of chemical solutions, assess oxidation, and monitor polymer deterioration. 2. concentration = Absorbance at 280 nm divided by absorbance coefficient. This is more commonly referred to as the extinction coefficient in some sectors of study. Do you think that standards are available for all analytes? While many current devices calculate Beers Law by comparing a blank cuvette to a sample, its simple to create a graph using standard solutions to establish a specimens concentration. Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker. The y-intercept is non-zero. To help you understand the ideas of calibration curve and standard addition curves we are going to use a cartoon example, but it translates directly into any chemistry scenario where the dependent variable (y) varies linearly with the independent variable (x). Second, determine the uncertainty in the concentration of BBG. //]]>. ), and it's what you will probably get if you are working with really dilute solutions. The measurements of the lowest concentration sample, 1.6670 g/mL, was measured 10 times and the resulting absorbance values are listed in Table 2. All rights reserved. \hline You also need to be familiar with the Beer-Lambert Law. ; A sample with a molar absorptivity = 3,000 L mol-1 cm-1 is diluted to a 3.5 x 10-5 mol L-1 solution in water and placed in a 1 cm cell. If the Beer-Lambert Law worked perfectly, it would pass through the origin, but you can't guarantee that it is working properly at the concentrations you are using. For example, let's suppose you have a solution in a cell of length 1 cm. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. For example (again using the simple carbon-oxygen double bond), data shows that the peak at 290 nm has a molar absorptivity of only 15, compared with the one at 180 nm of 10000. Figure taken from: http://www.nist.gov/publication-portal.cfm?defaultSearch=false&researchfield=245. Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors. You measure the absorbance of the solution at a particular wavelength using a spectrometer. (The derivation of this fact is in section 5-3 if you are interested). A is the amount of light that the sample absorbs at a specific wavelength. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. Some computer programs can calculate the CV values from ELISA results. See Resources for a tutorial on graphing in Excel. March 10, 2023 . 50.00 mL of a 4.74 M solution of HCl What volume of water would you add to 15.00 mL of a 6.77 M That's easy to measure and, in fact, the cell containing the solution may well have been manufactured with a known length of 1 cm. 27K views 2 years ago Chemical Kinetics If the graph of absorbance vs concentration is given, then we can calculate the molar absorptivity or molar extinction coefficient from that. When multiplying c, l and , all the units cancel. It also assumes that the Beer-Lambert Law works over the whole concentration range (not true!). The graph should plot concentration (independent variable) on the x-axis and absorption (dependent variable) on the y axis. L is the length of time that light travels through the solution. For example, on another page you will have come across the fact that a simple carbon-carbon double bond (for example in ethene) has a maximum absorption at 171 nm. Using a colorimeter or spectrophotometer, the relationship can determine the concentration of a chemical species in a solution. Many of our ELISA kits contain a standard serum diluent for this purpose. For example, most measurement techniques require the sample in liquid form. Formula to calculate concentration from absorbance. This is very similar to what you will do in Quantitative Analysis Laboratory and EXAMS for this class. Assuming that we have to take the measurement in the presence of the purple solution which is very hard to make or may not have a standard solution. How to calculate concentration of solution when it's diluted? For example, if neat biological sample is used, try diluting this in standard diluent. Plot the concentration versus absorbance on a graph. The light path (l) is usually reported in centimeters (cm). Four standards have been made (4.00, 8.00, 12.00, and 16.00 M) and run to create the calibration curve. Legal. Example: Suppose the molar absorptivity of Na Cl is 193L mol -1 cm -1 and the length of its light path is 5 cm, calculate the concentration if the absorbance is 200. (come back to after we learn LOD, LOQ, and sensitivity). The equation should be in y=mx + b form. As such, it follows that absorbance is unitless. However, if too much is administered in a particular time frame, overdose or toxicity can occur. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. \hline You'll need to add a line of best fit to the data points and determine the equation for the line. What is the sensitivity for the calibration curve? Record the values on the last column of table in Part 3. For example, the many proteins contained in tissue culture supernatant may hinder antibody binding and increase the signal to noise ratio, resulting in underestimation of the target concentration. 1). According to the law, the concentration of a chemical is directly proportional to the absorbance of a solution. This is referred to as a constant volume standard addition, for which the initial concentration is given by the absolute value of the x-intercept. y = absorbance (A) 2& 0.026 \\ The picture below is a SRM for Gulf of Mexico Crude Oil, which may be used to test for crude oil contaminants, for example to monitor the safety of the gulf waters after the BP oil spill. Create a standard curve for the target protein by plotting the mean absorbance (y axis) against the protein concentration (x axis). Since the absorptivity is a function of wavelength, often its value at the highest absorbance, ?max (at the peak position i.e., at the wavelength of maximum absorbance . Why or why not? Some of that light will pass through on the other side of the material, but it will likely not be all of the light that was initially shone through. Using the values obtained from the spectrophotometer, plot each point on a line graph. The standard curve can be used todetermine the concentration of target protein in each sample. \begin{array}{|c|c|} With colored solutions, this isn't a problem. Show one sample calculation here: After completing the table in Part 3, make a graph of absorbance (y-axis) vs. the concentration of Cu 2 +, M 2 (x-axis . The following section will define some key components for practical use of Beer's Law. Highlight both columns and from the Insert menu select Chart and XY (Scatter). The previous examples provide important reasons for knowing the concentration of a particular analyte in a sample (biological fluid, water, food etc.). Doing it this way you don't have to rely on a value of molar absorptivity, the reliability of the Beer-Lambert Law, or even know the dimensions of the cell containing the solution. The quercetin peak in the same extract has an area of 407. The equation should be in y=mx + b form. This will give you an equation for calculating the concentration (x) from a given absorbance (y) in the range of the standard curve. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"1FLzqp7T0MNVeHckpJbE1smumJjL3UZTJZZwRFNssEo-31536000-0"}; Since you know that absorption is proportional to both concentration (c) and path length (l), you can relate that to the quantities in this equation as such: In this equation, is the molar absorptivity or the molar extinction coefficient. { A_Double_Beam_Absorption_Spectrometer : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Bonding_Theory_for_UV-visible_Absorption_Spectra" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Electromagnetic_Radiation : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "The_Beer-Lambert_Law" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Using_UV-visible_Absorption_Spectroscopy" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", What_Causes_Molecules_to_Absorb_UV_and_Visible_Light : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Circular_Dichroism : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Electronic_Spectroscopy:_Application" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Electronic_Spectroscopy_-_Interpretation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Electronic_Spectroscopy_Basics : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Fluorescence_and_Phosphorescence : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Jablonski_diagram : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Metal_to_Ligand_and_Ligand_to_Metal_Charge_Transfer_Bands : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Radiative_Decay : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Selection_Rules_for_Electronic_Spectra_of_Transition_Metal_Complexes : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Spin-orbit_Coupling" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Two-photon_absorption" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "authorname:clarkj", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbync", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FPhysical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps%2FSupplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)%2FSpectroscopy%2FElectronic_Spectroscopy%2FElectronic_Spectroscopy_Basics%2FUsing_UV-visible_Absorption_Spectroscopy, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), What Causes Molecules to Absorb UV and Visible Light, Using UV-absorption spectra to help identify organic compounds, Using UV-absorption spectra to find concentrations, Finding concentration using the molar absorptivity, Finding concentration by plotting a calibration curve, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. In comparison, a low-concentration solution absorbs less light. This allows us to plot the current as a function of concentration. Absorption means that a substance captures and transforms energy while concentration refers to the amount of a substance in a defined space. \hline What is the concentration of quercetin in the extract? )}\\ One of the most common uses of this law makes use of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Brilliant Blue G (BBG) dye was recently discovered as promising dye to analyze the extent of spinal cord injury. Customized products and commercial partnerships to accelerate your diagnostic and therapeutic programs. Select the correct answer and click on the "Finish" buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJU'S for all Chemistry related queries and study materials, Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. What you do is make up a number of solutions of the compound you are investigating - each of accurately known concentration. The measured absorbance is 0.17. Say you shine some visible light through a material. Take up a quiz on Absorbance vs Concentration! Plug the known values (A, and l) into Beer's Law and then solve for concentration: Talking about such a tiny molarity is a bit cumbersome. A sample of the plant might be mixed with a suitable solvent in a blender, homogenized, and filtered. As such, it follows that absorbance is unitless. The solution may be a solid, liquid, or gas phase solution and the standard analyte may exist in either of these three phases as well. Trace elements, such as Sr, in teeth of archeological specimens provide anthropologists with clues about diet and diseases of ancient people. Click Start Quiz to begin! Suppose you wanted to measure the quercetin concentration in a plant food such as Prunus serotina. Transcript The Beer-Lambert law relates the absorption of light by a solution to the properties of the solution according to the following equation: A = bc, where is the molar absorptivity of the absorbing species, b is the path length, and c is the concentration of the absorbing species. By clicking in the graph area and using the cursor you can enlarge the graph. \(\dfrac{yes\: or\: no}{circle\: one}\), Could the concentration 0.2 ppb be quantified via this method? Web perform a serial dilution. 5& 0.026 \\ The cuvette is 1 cm in diameter. This page takes a brief look at how UV-visible absorption spectra can be used to help identify compounds and to measure the concentrations of colored solutions. 834746 views Atomic absorption spectroscopy measurements were collected to determine the amount of Sr in a tooth specimen. Dividing both sides of the equation by [(8400 M-1 cm-1)(1 cm)]. Usually, the more concentrated a substance, the more light will be absorbed. Agonists, activators, antagonists and inhibitors, human HIF1 alpha SimpleStep ELISATM kit (ab171577), Inaccurate pipetting; ensure pipette tips are sealed to the pipette before use so they draw up to correct volume of liquid, Bacterial of fungal contamination of either screen samples or reagents, Temperature variations across the plate; ensure the plates are incubated in a stable temperature environment away from drafts, Some of the wells drying out; ensure the plates are always covered at incubation steps. Lists of known peaks often include molar absorptivity values as well. For example, if the absorbance reading is 1, shown below: For example, the absorption or electrochemical measurement might be slightly different from one day to the next for the exact same sample due to a variety of uncontrollable variables including background noise from the instrument. The length of the path (b) is a second consideration. A likely procedure for removing the quercetin from the plant is to use an extraction process. To this end, scientists use the Beer-Lambert Law (which can also be called "Beer's Law") in order to calculate concentration from absorbance. In 2010 the BP Oil spill devastated the wildlife on the Gulf Coast of Mexico in the United States. Draw a horizontal line on the plot from the average measured. Concentration (c) has a concentration of M or moles per liter (mol L -1 ). Identify any wavelength maxima in the spectrum Part B: Beer's Law 1. This is a calibration curve. A concentration range of 0.010 to 1.00 moles per liter, however, will probably not. Write the confidence interval in this form: XX YY. The Beer-Lambert Law, the Lambert-Beer Law, and the Beer-LambertBouguer Law are all variations of Beers Law. This module discusses the three most common types of concentration calibration procedures. To convert units, use these relationships: Mg protein/ml = % protein divided by 10 = molarity divided by protein molecular weight. \textrm{std dev} & 0.00154 \\ Make a table of the protein concentration and absorbance at 596 nm. The substance that we want to know the amount of in a sample is called the analyte. It was one of the worst environmental accidents in the history of the United States. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. As long as you are working from values either side of the one you are trying to find, that isn't a problem. Say you have a red dye in a solution. Duplicates should be within 20% of the mean.. Take a look at our BETA site and see what weve done so far. Get resources and offers direct to your inbox. In environmental studies, it is important to ensure that levels of environmental contaminants are monitored. When multiplying c, l and , all the units cancel. For dilute solutions, the graphing approach assumes a straight-line relationship between absorbance and concentration. //c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Acid-Base_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Acid-Base_Equilibrium" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Acid-Base_Titrations:_Simulations" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Acid-Base_Titrations_(McGuire)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Acid-Base_Titrations_(Mullaugh)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Acid-Base_Titrations_(Wenzel)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Acid-Base_Titration_Simulation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Acids,_Bases,_Buffers_and_Neutralization" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Acids_and_Bases : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Activity_in_Chemical_Equilibrium_(Mullaugh)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Activity_in_Chemical_Equilibrium_(Oxley)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Analog_to_Digital_Conversion : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Analysis_of_Biochemical_Oxygen_Demand,_Phosphate_and_Nitrate" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Analyzing_Literature_Articles : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Atmospheric_Gases_\u2013_CO2_and_O3" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Back_Titration : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Beer\u2019s_Law" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Beer\u2019s_Law_Calculations" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Biofuels_Titration : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Buffers : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Buret_Calibration_and_Stardardization_of_NaOH_Solution : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Calculating_the_pH_of_Solutions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Calibration : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Calibration_Curves_(Mullaugh)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Calibration_Curves_(Oxley)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Calibration_Curves_(Venton)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Calibration_Methods_(Gonzalez)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Calibration_Methods_(Gray)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Calibration_Methods_(Harris)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Calibration_Methods_(Hunter)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Case_Study:_Arsenic_Analysis" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Case_Study:_Lead_in_Water" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Case_Study:_Morphine_and_its_Metabolites" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Case_Study:_Sampling_and_Sample_Preparation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Chemical_Equilibrium_(McGuire)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Chemical_Equilibrium_(Strein)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Chemistry_of_Bread-Making" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Choosing_the_Right_Graph : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Chromatographic_Resolution : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Chromatography : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Comparing_Spectroscopic_Techniques : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Comparison_of_Phosphate_Analysis_Methods : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Concentration_and_Dilution : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Concentration_Calibration_Procedures : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Concentration_Determination : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Data_Analysis_and_Statistics : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Designing_an_Acid-Base_Titration" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Development_of_a_Sampling_Plan : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Dilutions_and_Propagation_of_Uncertainty : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Dilutions_and_Volumetric_Glassware : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Echellette_Grating_(Griffith)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Echellette_Grating_(Hughey)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", EDTA_Chelation_and_Titrations : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Electrochemical_Cells : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Electrochemical_Sensor_Project : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Electrochemical_Titrations : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Electrochemistry : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Electrochemistry:_Basic_Concepts" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Electrochemistry:_Introductory_Concepts" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Elemental_Analysis_of_Ancient_Roman_Coins : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Error_and_Propagation_of_Error : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Error_and_Statistics : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Excel_Tutorial : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Excel_Workshop : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", External_Calibration_and_Propagation_of_Error : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Fast_Scan_Cyclic_Voltammetry : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Fick\u2019s_Laws" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Figures_of_Merit : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Fluorescence_pH_Curve : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Fourier_Transformation_of_Data : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "FT-IR_Spectroscopy" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Gas_Chromatographic_Columns : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Gas_Chromatographic_Detectors : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Gas_Chromatography : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Gas_Chromatography:_End_of_Unit_Problem_Solving" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "GC-Electron_Capture_Detection:_Analysis_of_a_Literature_Article" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "GC-MS:_Performance_Enhancing_Drugs" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "GC:_Temperature_Influence" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", GC_Elution_Order : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", GC_Retention_Order : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Gravimetric_Analysis:_Calculations" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Gravimetric_Analysis_(Fry-Petit)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Gravimetric_Analysis_(Heiss)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Gravimetric_Analysis_(Hunter)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "HPLC_Case_Study:_Forensics_with_Chromatographic_Data_Set" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", HPLC_Retention_Order : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Immunoassays : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Internal_Standards_and_LOD : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Internal_Standards_and_Standard_Addition : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Introduction_to_Analytical_Chemistry_(Fry-Petit)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Introduction_to_Analytical_Chemistry_(Pompano)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Introduction_to_Chromatography : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Introduction_to_Mass_Spectrometry : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Ionic_Strength_and_Activity : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Limit_of_Detection : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Liquid-Liquid_Extraction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Literature_Analysis:_Mass_Spectrometry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Literature_Article_Analysis:_Electrochemistry_(Pompano)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Literature_Article_Analysis:_Electrochemistry_(Scott)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Literature_Article_Analysis:_Fluorescence" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Literature_Article_Analysis:_HPLC_vs._GC-MS" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Literature_Article_Analysis:_Microfluidic_Field_Assays" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Mass_and_Charge_Balances : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Mass_Spectra_of_THMs_and_Fluorobenzene : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Mass_Spectrometry:_Analysis_of_a_Literature_Article" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Mass_Spectrometry:_Nitrogen_Rule" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Mass_Spectrometry:_Performance_Enhancing_Drugs" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Mass_Spectrometry_Imaging : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Mass_Spectrometry_\u2013_DESI_vs_DART" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", MATHCAD_Tutorial : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Measurements_and_Uncertainty : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Measurement_Errors : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Metal_Complexation_Equilibria : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Metal_Complexation_Equilibria_(Wenzel)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Method_Validation:_Performance_Enhancing_Drugs" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Neutralization_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "NMR_Spectroscopy_(Griffith)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "NMR_Spectroscopy_(Quinones-Fernandez)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Normal_Distribution_and_Statistics : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Nyquist_Frequency : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Partition_Coefficient_and_Chromatographic_Retention_Order : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Penny_Statistics_with_Data_Set : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Phytochemicals_in_Broccoli_Microgreens : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Polyprotic_Acid : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Polyprotic_Systems : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Potentiometry : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Propagation_of_Error_in_Solution_Preparation : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Propagation_of_Uncertainty_and_Titrations : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Qualitative_and_Quantitative_Analysis_via_GC-MS" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Quantitative_Analysis:_Nuts_and_Bolts" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Quantitative_Fluorescence : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Recovery_Curves_and_Signal_Averaging : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Redox_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Sample_Introduction_in_Gas_Chromatography : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Sample_Prep:_Performance_Enhancing_Drugs" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Sampling:_Performance_Enhancing_Drugs" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Selection_of_Appropriate_Separation_Method : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Signals-to-Noise_Ratio" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Signals_and_Noise : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Signal_and_Noise : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Signal_Averaging : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Size_Exclusion_Chromatography_(Crawford,_Kloepper)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Size_Exclusion_Chromatography_(Liu)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", SI_Units_and_Significant_Figures : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Solubility_and_Ionic_Strength_(Fry-Petit)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Solubility_and_Ionic_Strength_(Scott)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Solubility_Equilibria_(McGuire)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Solubility_Equilibria_(Scott)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Solubility_Equilibria_and_Calculations : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Solubility_Product : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Solutions_Preparation_and_Dilutions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Spectral_Data_Set_with_Suggested_Uses : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Standardization : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Standard_Addition : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Statistics:_Excel_Exercise" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Statistics_(Gray)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Statistics_(Mullaugh)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Statistics_(Witter)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Statistics_in_Chemical_Analysis : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Stock_Solution_and_Calibration_Standard_Preparation : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Titrimetry:_Analysis_of_Literature_Article" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Understanding_Radiative_Forcing:_Climate_Change" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Use_of_Glassware : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "UV//Vis_Spectroscopy" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Weak_Acid_Titration : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "Spectroscopy_(Worksheets)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Worksheets:_Analytical_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Worksheets:_Analytical_Chemistry_II" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Worksheets:_General_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Worksheets:_Inorganic_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Worksheets:_Organic_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Worksheets:_Physical_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbyncsa", "licenseversion:40", "authorname:asdl" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FAncillary_Materials%2FWorksheets%2FWorksheets%253A_Analytical_Chemistry_II%2FConcentration_Calibration_Procedures, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\).

Astragalus Root Supplement, Articles H