The park covers an area of around 700 by 900 metres (2,300 by 3,000 feet) and is located near the centre of the city, on the side closest to the sea. This means that Odesa is networked with the ports of Hamburg, Muuga and Trieste via the logistics group HHLA.[117][118]. The M14 is of particular importance to Odesa's maritime and shipbuilding industries as it links the city with Ukraine's other large deep water port Mariupol which is located in the south east of the country. The modern building was constructed by Fellner and Helmer in neo-baroque; its luxurious hall was built in the rococo style. [3] On January 25, 2023, its historic city centre was declared a World Heritage Site and added to the List of World Heritage in Danger by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in recognition of its influence on cinema, literature, and the arts. In antiquity, various Greek colonies had taken this role, followed by the Varangians who established Kievan Rus' in the 9th century, as well as various Italian colonies after the Mongol invasion of Europe. [53] After the Nazi forces began to lose ground on the Eastern Front, the Romanian administration changed its policy, refusing to deport the remaining Jewish population to extermination camps in German occupied Poland, and allowing Jews to work as hired labourers. Flora is of the deciduous variety and Odesa is known for its tree-lined avenues which, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, made the city a favourite year-round retreat for the Russian aristocracy. Odesa is linked to the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, by the M05 Highway, a high quality multi-lane road which is set to be re-designated, after further reconstructive works, as an 'Avtomagistral' (motorway) in the near future. Industrial enterprises located in and around the city include those dedicated to fuel refinement, machine building, metallurgy, and other types of light industry such as food preparation, timber plants and chemical industry. The Namestnik of Yekaterinoslav and Voznesensk, Platon Zubov (one of Catherine's favorites), supported this proposal. Electric tramway started to operate on 22 August 1907. Franz de Voland drew up a plan that would end up being the city's plan. As noted by the Christian Science Monitor, many in the English-language media outlets historically spelled the city "Odessa", even after changing the spelling of "Kiev" to "Kyiv", but most outlets, since the beginning of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been shifting away from Russian transliterations.[29][30]. The city currently covers a territory of 162.42km2 (63sqmi). Mechnykov' National University. The people of Odesa suffered badly from a famine that resulted from the Russian Civil War in 19211922 due to the Soviet policies of prodrazverstka. There are five deputy mayors, each of which is responsible for a certain particular part of the city's public policy. [67] The city suffered further aerial attacks on regional infrastructure facilities in October 2022, cutting off power to 10,500 households and injuring three people. Agriculture is a relatively important sector in the territories surrounding the city. After planning by the official architects who designed buildings in Odesa's central district, such as the Italians Francesco Carlo Boffo and Giovanni Torricelli, Moldovanka was included in the general city plan, though the original grid-like plan of Moldovankan streets, lanes, and squares remained unchanged.[39]. The nearly ice-free port lies near the mouths of the Dnieper, the Southern Bug, the Dniester and the Danube rivers, which provide good links to the hinterland. [citation needed] During the summer it is common to find large crowds of people leisurely sitting and talking on the outdoor terraces of numerous cafs, bars and restaurants, or simply enjoying a walk along the cobblestone street, which is not open to vehicular traffic and is kept shaded by the linden trees which line its route. (These others were Leningrad, Stalingrad, and Sevastopol). Odesa's port is Ukraine's busiest. Before the fall of the Soviet Union, the Port of Odesa harbored the major Soviet cruise line Black Sea Shipping Company. , Buildings for Music, Michael Forsythe, Cambridge University Press, p. 344, . Another 8% declares to be non-religious and 6% are unaffiliated generic Christians. In addition to this there are a number of large commercial shopping centres in the city. [47] Pogroms were carried out in 1821, 1859, 1871, 1881 and 1905. [17]:5, The sleepy fishing village of Odesa had witnessed a sea-change in its fortunes when the wealthy magnate and future Voivode of Kiev (1791), Antoni Protazy Potocki, established trade routes through the port for the Polish Black Sea Trading Company and set up the infrastructure in the 1780s.[35]. Share. The new city quickly became a major success although initially, it received little state funding and privileges. The city is also the administrative centre of the Odesa Raion and Odesa Oblast, as well as a multiethnic cultural centre. The city's budget is also controlled by the administration. However, the city is still lacking an extra-urban bypass for transit traffic which does not wish to proceed through the city centre. [48], The actual massacre took place in streets nearby, not on the steps themselves, but the film caused many to visit Odesa to see the site of the "slaughter". [7] [101] The poet also has a city street named after him, as well as a statue. Adherents of Catholicism and Protestantism make up 0.5% of the population respectively. The coastal cliffs adjacent to the city are home to frequent landslides, resulting in a typical change of landscape along the Black Sea. Experience the Grand Life at Grand Hyatt Gurgaon with our well-appointed rooms and suites equipped with modern amenities. April Fools' Day, held annually on 1 April, is one of the most celebrated festivals in the city. Odesa has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa, using the 0C [32F] isotherm), bordering a cold semi-arid (BSk) as well as a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). They destroyed both the city's military infrastructure and residential buildings, killing eight people (including a three-month-old baby) and wounding another eighteen people. Significant branches of the oblast's economy are: The region's industrial capability is principally concentrated in and around Odesa. During the Soviet period, it was an important trading port and a naval base. The peculiarity of the ethnic composition of the population of Odesa region is its multinationality. The Odesa Seaport is located on an artificial stretch of the Black Sea coast, along with the north-western part of the Gulf of Odesa. [60], Odesa was struck by three bomb blasts in December 2014, one of which killed one person (the injuries sustained by the victim indicated that he had dealt with explosives). Odesa has produced many writers, including Isaac Babel, whose series of short stories, Odessa Tales, are set in the city. Large amounts of money are made from the festivities, supporting Odesa's local entertainers and shops.[106]. By 1920 the Soviet Red Army managed to overpower both the Ukrainian and Russian White Army and secure the city. With a bar, the 5-star hotel has air-conditioned rooms with free WiFi, each with a private bathroom. Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate, "Zelensky fired Marchenko, Haidai and Hamalia from the positions of ODA leaders", "Republic of Moldavia an Intermezzo on the Signing and the Ratification of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages", " , ", Results of the 2001 All-Ukrainian population census for the Odesa Region, "Religious preferences of the population of Ukraine", " , 1 2015 - 2015 ", " . . Chornomorets play their home games at the Chornomorets Stadium, an elite-class stadium which has a maximum capacity of 34,164. During the Soviet period (until 1991) the city functioned as the USSR's largest trading port; it continues in a similar role as independent Ukraine's busiest international port. Mechnykov' National University, Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, tourism sector is of great importance to Odesa, List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine, List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ukraine, Trukhanov officially won the mayoral election in Odesa, Ukrainian local elections: City-by-city guide to this weekends runoff votes, "Ukraine's Odesa city put on UNESCO heritage in danger list", "The Ethnic Composition of the City of Odessa in the Nineteenth Century", "Odesa: Through Cossacks, Khans and Russian Emperors", "ODESSA | Meaning & Definition for UK English", "United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names", "Open Letter of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine", "Guidance on the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN)/Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) romanization systems", "Russia's invasion of Ukraine has sparked questions over why Ukrainian cities have historically been transliterated after their Russian versions", " ", " . [33] In the mid-18th century, the Ottomans rebuilt the fortress at Khadjibey (also known as Hocabey), which was named Yeni Dnya[33] (literally "New World"). [13], In 1795 the city was named Odessa in accordance with the Greek Plan of Catherine the Great. During World War II, Odesa was attacked by Romanian and German troops in August 1941. Terminalbetreiber in Estland gekauft. [33] Since 1795, the city had its own city magistrate, and since 1796 a city council of six members and the Odesa Commodity Exchange. [38] With the establishment of the Voznesensk Governorate on 27 January 1795, the Vorstadt was named Tiraspol. Odesa oblast is also home to a number of other nationalities and minority ethnic groups, including Albanians, Armenians, Azeris, Crimean Tatars, Bulgarians, Georgians, Greeks, Jews, Poles, Romanians, Turks, among others. The city's best-known and most prestigious university is the Odesa 'I.I. VitaliV (Vitali Vinogradov) (born 1957), an artist and sculptor based in London since 1989, was born in Odesa.[110]. In 1887 one of the city's most well known architectural monuments was completed the theatre, which still hosts a range of performances to this day; it is widely regarded as one of the world's finest opera houses. 807-", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odesa_Oblast&oldid=1145200468, Note: An asterisk (^) indicates the two municipalities and nine raions which previously constituted. The community, however, was repeatedly subjected to anti-Semitism and anti-Jewish agitation from almost all Christian segments of the population. It has also produced many musicians, including the violinists Nathan Milstein, David Oistrakh and Igor Oistrakh, Boris Goldstein, Zakhar Bron and pianists Sviatoslav Richter, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Vladimir de Pachmann, Shura Cherkassky, Emil Gilels, Maria Grinberg, Simon Barere, Leo Podolsky and Yakov Zak. 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